The Genetic Component of Picky Eating
3 min read • By: Gerber Medical Hub
Quick Summary
Learn about the evidence supporting the genetic component to picky eating and food preferences.
Table of contents
Genetic Influence on Picky Eating
There is evidence to suggest that there is a genetic component to picky eating and food preferences. Research studies have shown that genetics can influence a child’s taste preferences, development of food neophobia (fear of trying new and unfamiliar foods), and sensitivity to certain tastes or textures.
The heritability of picky eating and food preferences varies depending on the specific trait being studied (Dioszegi 2019). Some studies have estimated that genetic factors account for around 40-70% of the variation in food neophobia (Fildes 2016), while others suggest that genetics may explain around 40-50% of the variation in taste preferences (Keskitalo 2007).
Other Factors influencing Picky Eating behaviors
It's important to note that genetics are not the sole determinant of picky eating or food preferences (Fildes 2014). Environmental factors, such as family food practices, cultural influences, early feeding experiences, and social factors, also play a significant role in shaping a child’s eating behaviors Savage 2007, Scaglioni 2018, Spill 2019).
Environmental Influence of Genetic Predispositions
Genetic predispositions can interact with environmental factors to influence a child’s food preferences and eating behaviors (Mennella 2016). For example, a genetic predisposition for heightened sensitivity to bitter tastes may make certain vegetables less appealing, but repeated exposure and positive food experiences can still help overcome picky eating tendencies (Forestell 2017).
How to Help Parents and Families
While the genetic component of picky eating and food preferences is significant, it does not mean that these behaviors are entirely predetermined or unchangeable. Early and ongoing exposure to a variety of foods, positive feeding practices, and creating a supportive food environment can help shape and expand a child's food preferences, even if they have a genetic predisposition for picky eating.
